What is purple prose? Definition, examples and how to avoid

What is purple prose? It describes sentences that are too mannered and stylized. The Oxford English Dictionary defines purple prose as 'writing that is too elaborate or ornate'. How can you distinguish between good writing and purple prose? Read tips to avoid purple prose in your own work:

1. Understand the difference between purple prose and complex writing

Because of everything negative that has been said about purple prose, many aspiring authors mistake this for meaning that the only good writing is simple.

The first thing to understand about purple prose is that it is not the same thing as prose that is complex, lyrical or experimental. Purple prose is writing that is unnecessarily wordy, uses metaphors and other figurative language badly, and draws attention to itself. It sticks out as over-elaborate in a way that detracts from the story.

An example:

'Her voluminous follicles cascaded down her blushing epidermis of the neck, catching his desirous eye.'

A very ornate, pompous way to say that a character finds the way a characters hair gathers at the nape of her neck is attractive! A not-purple edit:

The way her hair hung across her bare neck caught his eye.'

Purple prose can also be prose that is inappropriate for the genre or type of scene that’s being described. At its worst, purple prose is unintentionally hilarious as evidenced by the success each year of the Bulwer-Lytton fiction contest that parodies the work of a nineteenth-century writer particularly known for his overly effusive writing.

So, how do you separate purple prose from poetic prose?

2. Ask whether sentences aid or frustrate readers' understanding

The problem with overly ornate or purple prose is it makes a story hard to read. If every other word is a scientific or antiquated word, writing becomes hard to wade through. If every other word has four or more syllables, it's possible your writing will read as striving to be literary and purple.

When in doubt about a complex word, look it up in a dictionary. If it says 'archaic' next to it, think twice about using it in a contemporary setting where it will feel dated and will lend to a purple effect. Make sure sentences and paragraphs flow to create clear sense.

3. Ensure figurative language is appropriate to the tone and mood of a scene

If you are using figurative language, is it appropriate and consistent? Does it match the tone and mood of a scene?

For example, if you describe the way a character chews as being like bombs exploding, this might feel out of place in a simple, low-intensity family scene. Romantic scenes are particularly risky for purple prose. That's because when we're trying to describe intense emotions, we sometimes go overboard.

4. Describe actions and characters efficiently

When you describe a character performing a daring stunt or a complex maneuver, are you in control? Be honest here. Is your language achieving what you want it to achieve? Does every word serve a purpose? If you are describing an action, is the action possible as you’ve described it?

For example, you could write a scene where a character is shot and falls to the ground thus:

'She clutched her heart in a paroxysm of terror and, gasping like a fish hauled suddenly into the air by a mean hook, fell ashen to the ground with a resounding thud.'

Yet this description is overdone and melodramatic. It's purple because we have over-complicated description like 'paroxysm of terror', along with a confusion of imagery (a fish being hauled into the air and a falling motion).

Less purple prose:

'She pressed her hand to her heart, gasping and afraid, and fell to the ground, already turning ashen.'

5. Read authors who are poetic without using purple prose

One way to help you understand the difference between purple prose and poetic but stylistically effective writing is to read writers who are masters of style.

Writers such as Cormac McCarthy and Michael Chabon are excellent examples of contemporary writers who have distinctive styles but write strong prose. Take a look, too, at the work of twentieth-century writers such as Ray Bradbury, William Faulkner and Vladimir Nabokov.

A good exercise might be to read passages from each of these writers and ask yourself the questions from above. Note how each writer handles things like figurative language and unusual word choices. Note too that while writers like McCarthy and Faulkner can sometimes be challenging for the reader on a prose level, they remain in control and their stylistic choices serve a purpose within the world of the story. Making the reader do a little bit of work is not the same thing as writing purple prose.

6. Put the story first

Putting the story first is a key way to eliminate purple prose. Sometimes we try to sound literary or 'writerly' because we don't have a clear idea of character motivations or plot.

Purple prose can also result from the effort to shore up weak writing and weak verb choices in particular.

Let’s imagine you want to get a grieving character from one side of the room to the other. Saying the character ‘walked’ doesn’t tell us very much. Therefore, you may find yourself tempted to throw in some figurative language. Maybe the character walked like an orphaned, bellowing lion cub in search of its dead mother, but that sounds terribly overwrought, and what does it mean? How does a human bellow like a lion cub? Have you ever heard a lion cub bellow?

A stronger verb would convey your meaning better. If you’re trying to move your character across the room in a fit of grief, you might have the character stagger, shuffle or even crawl depending on how profound that grief is. These concrete, descriptive verbs convey the meaning that you need.

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